The White House today issued an
The reserve will treat bitcoin, the first and most popular blockchain-based cryptocurrency, as a reserve asset. It will be capitalized with tokens owned by the Department of Treasury that were forfeited as part of criminal or civil asset forfeiture proceedings. Other agencies, such as
The administration said that the U.S. will not actually sell these bitcoins, as they would act as a store of reserve assets. The executive order authorizes the Secretaries of Treasury and Commerce to develop budget-neutral strategies for acquiring additional bitcoin, provided that those strategies impose no incremental costs on American taxpayers.
The U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile, meanwhile, will consist of digital assets other than bitcoin owned by the Department of Treasury that were forfeited in criminal or civil asset forfeiture proceedings. Versus the bitcoin reserve, the government will not acquire additional assets for the U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile beyond those obtained through forfeiture proceedings. Also unlike the bitcoin reserve, the Secretary of the Treasury may determine strategies for responsible stewardship, including potential sales from the stockpile.
The executive order also says that agencies must provide a full accounting of their digital assets to the Treasury and the President's Working Group on Digital Asset Markets.
The administration justified the decision by saying that, with a fixed supply of 21 million coins, there is a strategic advantage to being among the first nations to create such a reserve, though it did not elaborate. It also said that the government currently holds a significant amount of bitcoin but has not maximized its strategic position as a unique store of value in the global financial system. It decried $17 billion worth of what it called "premature" sales of bitcoin. It also pointed out that there has not been a centralized policy for managing digital asset reserves held by the government, so right now holdings are scattered throughout different departments.
"Taking affirmative steps to centralize ownership, control and management of these assets within the federal government will ensure proper oversight, accurate tracking, and a cohesive approach to managing the government's cryptocurrency holdings. This move harnesses the power of digital assets for national prosperity, rather than letting them languish in limbo," said the executive order.
Pat Camuso, head of crypto specialist firm Camuso CPA, said the order shows how far cryptocurrency has gone, as it now a strategic cornerstone of fiscal policy, mirroring the increasing sophistication he has seen in his own clients. While he said there will be some challenges, particularly regarding regulatory clarity and public communications, there are major potential benefits.
"This development not only legitimizes cryptocurrencies but also accelerates institutional adoption, regulatory clarity and technological advancement. For businesses and governments, integrating crypto into financial strategies will demand sophisticated accounting, tax planning, and treasury management solutions. As a CPA and CFO in the Web3 space, I've seen firsthand how proper crypto accounting can transform an organization's financial strategy," he said.
Dr. Sean Stein Smith, a Lehman College accounting professor who is also chair of the Accounting Working Group of the Wall Street Blockchain Alliance, said that while the executive order only sets up a framework for now, there will be significant implications further down the road.
One possibility is an increased emphasis on crypto audits, as David Sack, the administration's AI and "crypto czar," stated multiple times that one of the first pieces of business to move the executive order forward would be to conduct on audit of current U.S. holdings. With buy-in from the executive branch, and the emphasis on the importance of crypto audits, said Smith, the accounting profession has an opportunity to expand efforts to standardize the currently disparate crypto audit practices.
Another impact will be client FOMO, as people may reason "after all, if it is good enough for the U.S. government, it should be good enough for me." It will be especially important for accountants to educate clients about the risk and opportunities of crypto investments as well as to provide advisory services to those clients interested in integrating crypto into operations.
"In short the executive order establishing an SBR and digital asset stockpile are set to further propel interest in crypto investments and utilization at clients of all sizes. The emphasis on high-quality crypto audits, internal control and advisory opportunities as more investors (retail and institutional) potentially move into the sector, and the inevitable tax issues that will arise as a result, all present opportunities for the profession," said Smith in an email.
Finally, Jack Castonguay, vice president of strategic content development at Knowfully Learning Group, had
"Instead, the US will essentially be operating as a hedge fund or a trading desk at an investment bank - betting US assets on a crypto surge like a Las Vegas gambler playing against the house in blackjack. There is no strategic value to the US government. It's a bet - clear and simple. And the bet is made worse by the EO not only focusing on bitcoin, the largest and most liquid cryptocurrency, but also ether, XRP, solana and cardano. They might as well have added Dogecoin, Sponge (based on SpongeBob), and Fartcoin to the EO. That would at least honestly show what this EO is doing," he said.
